Pot type burner with covered pilot



July 19, 1949.

HUsToN 2,476,871

POT TYPE BURNER WITH COVERED PILOT Filed July l1, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 19, 1949. M. D. HusToN 2,475,871

POT TYPE BURNER WITH COVERED PILOT Filed July 11, 1945 s sheets-sheet 2 y @um July 19, 1949. M, D. HUsToN 2,476,871

PT TYPE BURNER WITH COVERED PILOT Filed July l1, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 -1 and Va concave `bottom 8.

`luf 'the centrally apertured name ring ll.

Patented July 19,'A 1,949

f 2,476,811 Per TYPE. Wlful'qvllrevmoif Y'Milton D. Huston, Santa Ee, N. Mex., assignor, by mcsne assignments, t -Breese yEliminar-s, hw., San-le Fe, N- Mex-fe meetellen 0 Delaware application-July i1, 19455. Seial u. 6042449 1yr-.Claims- (G1-153791) -means ffor 'hydroxylating pot type burners.

Another 'purpose is to provide an improved pilot housing with Iimproved access means to 'the .interiorfof the housing.

Another purpose is `to fprovide an improved -flame propagator for use`with suchazpilot'husing.

Another-.purpose is to provide improved means 'for securing'the pilot 'housing -t'o thepot.

Qtherpurposes Willappear from time to time in `the course 'of the specification.

The invention is illustrated-more or les'sdia- Agrarnmatically in vthe accompanying "drawings wherein:

Eigure 1 is a vertical axial section y.tlfirougln :a pot yin Iwhich the invention isernplyed; Figure 2 is asection on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Figure '3.is Va section on the-line 3-3 of Fig'. l; Figure Llis-arsection n the lined- 4 of F-ig. l.; Figure 5 is a partial -.vertical section-of a Vvariant form'ofthe device;

Figure I6 is 'a partial section similar to EFig. 1 of a Variant form; 'Figure'.'l is a vertical section through alvariant form lof Athe device;

igureffis l-a vertical sectionthrough `a variant formofvthe deviceyaml Figure 19 is a iplan -view -of the `structure shown in Fig. 3. n y

Like parts are indicatell by llike symbols throughout 4the specication and drawings.

Referring 1to the drawingsl generally indicates `an outer housing or drum having any suitable partition 3 :having an axial aperture 4. '5 is n angle ri-ng v.extending inwardly from the Wall of the drum I. The upper portion df the drum l, as Iat la, fior-ms 'a vc'o'mbustion chamber located above v the angle :ring 5. f6 generally `'indicates a burner pot having a circumferential vside wall LIt is also provided with la top outwardly Yextendingnange v9 having a I.clollnwarrlly turned portion =I 0 which rests upn the angle 5. fIlietop ofthe potiis partially .closed The Isicle'xlvall 'l vof tl'iepot has a plurality'offprimary air -inlet 'apertures `i2 spaced circumierentlally thereabout'and located at various distances from the ends of the pot.A 'The-lowest'rovfof primary air'i'nlets 12a-may be downwardly inclined. "'lny suitable means tor supplying secondarylair'may he employed but I illustrate a top' row. of sec- 'ondary air inlets t3 which ar'eboth more 'closely spaced and larger than ithe primary' air inlets I2, and `which are upwardly and inwardly finclined toward lthe central aperture-of vthe lflame ring l l 'M is lany suitable liquid fuel pipewhich may be vthreaded into Athe vnut 1l5 secured 4to the exterior "of `*the f'side Wall i? of thepot Liquid fuel 4from any suitable source maybe ldelivered -alongthellpe ll4f-toftlie pot bottom adjacentithe wall 1. Any'suitable means, not herein'shbwn, may be employed for Varying orcontrolling 'the `rate-pi now of liquid fuel to the pot. I-may for example employ the conventional a'nd 'well known float valve assembly. `It is important, ihowever,

that `some means be provided vfor nranuallvor automatically varying the rate of fflow'of liquid V4fuel 'between minimum or pilot 'flow and maxior full combustion flow. If ldesire'-Tany suitable fan means for Varying or controlling the ratepf flow-of Lvair t0 the space about the pot I may for example iount .ture 4.01 the partition 3.

n 'Ilzhe'burner pot rShown `in thepresent applicaflln is 0f vthe yliydroxylating 'type in which a Apr'elirninaryfor.primary'mixture of vaporized: fue] and Yprimary air "has 'added lto it 1an" additional or secondary jair supply. HWlien the hunnen-is burning at full volume, with` theliduidfuelfow- Jing to the pot at *aY maximum ratefof'flowtlie Amember 40 toward the bottom of the pot. Aair is preferably low velocity air which is ,bled

wall. vrelatively small relatively closely spaced aperflame extends upwardly into the space within the housing la.

In burners of this type a low turn down is desirable. In effect, a pilot re must be maintained, Without resulting in carbon deposit in the burner or causing a blocking of the liquid fuel duct.

I find it desirable to surround the area of entry of the liquid fuel to the interior of the burner pot with a pilot housing or chamber. I illustrate for example the chamber having inwardly converging side walls 20 and 2|. These side walls may be of any suitable material but I find it desirableto employ a metal casting of substantial thickness. I illustrate also bottom flanges 22 which directly engage the bottom of the pot.

The mass of metal thus providedwserves asa heat storage means and as a means for providing eicient heat transfer to the pot bottom. In

the particular form of the device herein shown the walls 20 and 2| converge or join at their inner edges. However a bottom central outlet 23 is provided, through which unvaporized liquid fuel may flow, when the burner is athigh fire I'he walls 20 and 2| formed by horizontalV bottom edges 24 and rear- Wardly inclined side edges 25.

The outer top edges of the walls 20 and 2| are shown as connected by an arcuate brace 26 havwing a top inner recess 21 to receive the inner vedge of a removable cover plate 28. The cover 1plate 28 is shown as having an inner edge por- --tion;29 seated in the recess 21 and also having "l Ylower aligning flanges 30 which may abut against the inner faces of the upper edges of the walls 20 and 2|.

The cover plate terminates at its inner edge in an arcuate wall 3| which with the In the form of Figure 1 a flame propagator below described is positioned Within this space surrounded bythe pilot housing. In the form` of Figure 6 the propagator is omitted, but the housing is shown as identical with that of Figure 1 and the same descriptive numbers are employed.

With reference to the form of Figure 1, I i1- f lustrate a flame propagator in the form of a deflector 40 which is secured at its upper edge, as at 4| to the opposed inner face of the pot wall 1. The member 40 is generally uniformly inwardly spaced from the pot wall. The space between -th'e two members is open, as at 42, along the -loWer edge of the member 40.

However the ends of the member 4D are secured to the potwall as at 43. Air may be downwardly deflected by the downwardly along the lower portion of the pot Air may beV admitted by a plurality of tures 44 which are shown in Figure 1 as at the level of the lowest row of primary air inlets |2a.

It will be understood, however, that the size, shape, number and spacing of these apertures may be varied to suit the particular conditions finvolved. If desired I may also employ extra' apertures within the interior of the pilotl housing. 'I illustrate for example an intermediate row of downwardly tilted apertures 45 which may for convenience be located just above the upper edge of the propagator'4. In the arrangement This ` not actually illustrated in the drawings.

tion of oil backV of the reducer'GZ'.

4 e of apertures shown in Figure 1 it will be Yunderstood that there is a greater concentration of air inlets in the area of the pot wall which registers with the interior of the pilot housing than there is in any corresponding area of the pot wall which is out of register with the interior of the pilot housing. Thus an extra, air supply, or

an extra concentration of air, is provided.

In order to secure the pilot housing in place any suitable means may be employed. I may for example employ ears 48 outwardly extending from the inner parts of the walls 20 and 2|. These ears are threaded to receive the inner ends of screws-49, the heads of which, 50, are exterior to the pot. Thus the pilot housing may be drawn into snug connection with and contact with the inner face of the pot Wall and bottom, b-ut may be loosened or removed by loosening the screws 49. It `will be understood also that any suitable gasketing or cementing may be employed, in order to provide a tight joint. Since a very thin layer of cement may be used the cement is It will be understood that under normal circumstances furnace cement of some kind will be employed, but that it may not always be essential;

With reference tothe formof Figure 6. the propagator 40 is omittedand thel lower rowy of apertures |2a is continued about'fthat `part of the pot which is in register with the pilot housing.V However, the extra apertures 45a are preff erably employed, or some extra aperturing is used, in order to maintain an adequate supply.

of air in the pilot housing. Y Y

With reference to the Vform of Figure 5, I il lustrate a variation in the form of liquid fuel inlet or duct. Otherwise the structure is the same as that illustratedin the form Yof Figure 1. A liquid fuel'duct Vor tube 60 is threaded as its end into the nut '6| secured tothe outer surface of the pot la. .5A reducer- 62, with the central aperture 63, is located in the .inner end of the duct 6l). Preferably the `duct 60 is inclined from the horizontal at an angle o'f from three tofve degrees. The result is .a lpuddling'or accumula' A supply of air is `admitted to the interior of the -duct E0 above this puddle of oil, for example by the air inlet duct s4 with its open top ss, the duct being located in the space between Vtheexterior of the pot 1a, and the inner face of the outer housing Ib.v A i Referring to the form of Figs. 7 and following YI illustrate a delector adapted to turn the tipV Ainto the` pilot housing, it would interrupt or destroy the process of hydroxylation within the pilot area. When carbon dioxide is pulled into the bottom opening of the pilot housing, it not merely does not destroy the process of hydroxylation, but tends to assist it. Y f

WithV reference first to Fig. '1, the pilot housing will be understood to be substantially theY same as shown in Fig. l and the-arrangement of pot apertures is the same and need not be described'. The converging walls 5| of the pilot housing define a lower pilot aperture 53 Yand an upper pilot aperture1 53a. The cover 55 is provided withfa forwardly extending portion' 56 which mayhave azcirculareoontour. -Downwandly extendingifrom the porti-ands .la 'generally cylindrical Wall 51 ldmining abottomcaperture `158. Thus .a "flame is lopen fthnaugh Athe .aperture 53a downwmcdly throughtthe spacesmoundediby'the walls 56 and 51 and downwardly and outwardly through $hesaperture158.

With reference to iEig, 28 @the .deilector is .cast as .panrtfof :bottom #pilot as .shovnnat $1.10 fand :defines `a :bottom apenture I'H. `:unitary top member .12 provided which closes both the .top nf @the-quadrant or pilot Ahousing itself and the top .of ythe :space surrounded :by the circumferentialfcylin'drical fwall :1 D.

.will .zbe .realized that, whereas, I have de- .scribed and illustrated .a practical and Voperative device, nevertheless many changesmay lbe made in the size, number and .disposition of pants without fldepairtingirom the Lspirit of my invention. I therefore wish my description and .t

drawings to be taken .as in .a fbroad sense illusitrative sor xiiagrammatic,frather'than as limiting me to' my precis eshowing.

The use and operation .of :this invention are asollows:

TWhen the rate of :flow of `fuel ythrough the duct fl-4 is at 1a predetermined minimum or pilot stage a relativelysmall Asupply of liquid iuel is delivered tothe bottom .of .the pot, in the space snrrolmdedby'thezpilothousing. The inlets I2 and .45 badmitan .ample vsupply of air to the interiorzo the pilot housing. The .relatively small Lilow offliquid fuelisvaporizedin the :pilot housing. The -vaporized 'liquiduel is `mixed with .the air '.deliveredthrough .the apertures l 2 and 45 .to dormiaprimarymhcture. lhisfmixture ows outwardly :through the two .apertures in the pilot housing wall. vThe vair :delivered to 'the .interior nf "the :ppt .outside :of fthe '-.pilot housing provides a :secondary air .supply .and the nnal or complated mixture burns at oneor 'both of the two apertures. '."flame is Jveective ito heat .the .walls 2l) .and .2d :andthe .adjacent part 'of .the ,pot bottom. `Inithe event that-.combustion takes place chiey at the upperf'aperturethe .relatively thick gauge metal conductsthe heat down tothe .pot bottom. 'Thus 'the pot bottom is kept hot, .and .is :ready to effect the vaporization .of the liquid .@fuel when a larger .supply .of fuel is admitted, to increase .therate .of combustion of the burner. :the rateof :combustion is increased "byizincneasing v'the'.rate `.oi ifuelzsu-pply, unvaporized liquid fuel will flow .through the .aperture :23 to .the outer part .of itl-1e pct :bottom i8. The `area of fvapnrization vfis increased .and `the volume .Iof .f

diquidrfuelwaporized isin'creased. This vaporized duel lows upwardly in zthe :pot .and receives primary fair .from :all .o'f the apertures .lf2 .and fila, whenthespotisiat the highifire stage. u.This

primary 'mixturethen .receives iitsfsecondary air i" :through'rthesecondaryaair inlets :i3 and full combustion :takes aplaceat or .abovel'the level of the flameiring H.

'Whenithe'.flamezpropagator l0' is employed the necessary cheat :is Lp'roduced iwith .very lslight .adi fditiona'l A.air fand the :capacity of :the .pilot burner is kept down. SFpr instancetoobtainthe neces,- sarylheat -with the .structurexas shown in iFigure .Gutheminimumicapacityfior thepilot in a seven inch burner 'po't ".was, in a .particular test, .two 2' cubic centimeters of iue'l per minute. With 'the structure .as shown 'in l'igures v`l to 4, with the 'propagator i60 employed, :the :minimum capacity wasadroppedfso 21.1.25 oubi'ci centimeterslper. minute. *A ffurther .advantage `lof yJthe inse of :the fname.

'6 propagatoris lthat Iany vtendency-.of `the pilot to ,snuff :out A.when turneddown li/zeryilow ispre vented. In .the flor'm of-Figure .5 some air admitted 1.to :the :liquid fuel .before it .reaches Ythe Apot .at all. .In .the .particular .form .shown the air which :flows .downwardlythrough .the duct 64 vpasses across A:th-e. .surface .of the :puddle of oil vbeh-ind the `reducer sleeve :62 and flows', .withthe liquid 2vfuel, through thebore 63. In viewof this additional air suppl-ythe total cross sectionalarea y:ofthe inlet aperturesto ythe interior of thepillot housing-maytbe'reduced v 1 .Regardless A.of-`v whether /the propagator 4'0 employed or not .it will bel understood -that'the kdeiiector structure 'of iFigs. .'fand following may be Veniployedin Vorder'to deiiect -ilame or the products ci combustion-downwardly ltoward the bottom pilot aperture 23 'or 53.2 As a `matter-fof convenience 'the defleetor structure may =`-be formed unitarily with-the lidlas at 55, 56 and'5fl of Fig. *7, or it may be formed untarily Withthe converging housing walls as at 60 in Figs. `8 and \9, with the top closure l2 preferably removably-applied. v Y

Whereas I have illustrated the prepagata/ord() as closed vat the top `and sides and openat` the bottom it will be understood any suitable'means for supporting `the propagator lin position-maybe employed.

' `1. 'In combination, an open 'topped'burnerpot having a circumferential Wall-provided with a plurality oi primary air inlet ap'ertureslocated at various levels yin the VVwall, means for `delivering secondary air to the mixture of primary air and Vaporized 'fuel moving upwardly'through 'the pot, and a pilot housing, having a closed top, 'located below the highest ofY the primary air inlets, defining a space in communication with a plurality 'of' the Vlower primary airirilet apertures of 'the pot, said housing -including generally upright side` walls deiining a flame out let and extending inwardly from the pot wall, meansior delivering 'liquid fuel to 'the potat 'a point enclosed 'by said -pilot housing, and iame propagating means Within the pilot `housing Yin'- cluding an arcuate solid sleeve secured to the inner face of the pot Wall and defining with the opposed portion o'f the ,pot wall ay spacewhich Vis open to the interior oi the pot at the'bottom `thereof alongone edge `ofthe*sl'eeveythepot wall being apertured 'to admit air 'to' the space betweenthepot wall andthe sleeve.

.2. In combination, an open topped burnerpot having a circumferential `wall provided with Va plurality of `primary air inlet apertures located at Various levels in the Wall, means for deliverin g secondary air to 'the mixture ci primary air and vaporized fuel moving upwardly through the pot, and a pilot housing, having a closecl.top, located below the v'highest of the primary `air inlets, defining a space in communication with a plurality of the lower primary air inlet apertures of the pot, said housing including generally upright side walls deiining a dame outlet extending inwardly from `the pot wall, means for delivering liquid fuel to the pot at a point enclosed'by said pilot housing, and anair deector located within the lpilot housing and dening, with an opposed port-ion of the pot wall, a closed space open only "at the bottom to 'the interior of 'the pot, the pot wallbeingapertured to admit-air to the linterior-of said yspace,said air delector being vadapted `to Ydirect air .downlwardly'towardfthepotfbottom. c. l

3; In combination, an open topped burnerV pot having a circumferential wall provided with a -ing secondary air to the .mixture of primary air and vaporized fuel movingV upwardly through the Y pot, and a pilot housing defining a space in communication with a plurality of the lower primary air. inlet apertures of the pot, said housingincluding generally upright side Walls defining a flame. outlet extending inwardly from the pot wall, means for delivering liquid fuel to the pot ata point enclosed by said pilot housing, an air vdeflector located within the pilot housing and defining, with anV opposed portion of the pot wall, an open space, the potV wall being apertured to admit air to the interior of said space, said air deector being adapted to direct air downwardly toward the pot bottom, the defiector terminating above the bottom of the pot and extending about and overlying the area of admission-,of the fuel to the pot. f

4. In combination, anI open toppedburner pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located atrvarious levels in the Wall, means for delivering secondary air to the mixture of primary air and vaporized fuel moving upwardly through the pot, a pilot housing defining a space in communication with a plurality of the lower primary air inlet apertures of the pot, said housing including generally upright side walls, said side walls extending inwardly from the pot wall and converging inwardly and partially dening an upper and a lower flame outlet, and a cover for said pilot housing, the inner edge of said cover assisting in dening the upper flame outlet, said cover being removably supported in relation to said side walls. 5. In combination, an open topped burner pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures locatedv at various levels in the wall, means for delivering secondary air to the mixture of primary air and vaporized fuel moving upwardly through the pot, a pilot housing defining a spacein communication with a plurality of the lower primary air inlet apertures of the pot, said housing including generally upright side partition walls partially defining a flame outlet and extending` Vinwardly from the pot wall, and means for delivering liquid fuel to the pot at a point enclosed by said pilot housing, said pot and partition walls being of metal, the metal of the partition walls being substantially thicker than the wall of the pot, said partition walls being adapted to serve las heat storage elements, said side partition walls having laterally extending bottom flanges adapted to increase the area of engagement between the lower edges of said .side partition walls and the bottom of the pot.

6. In combination, an open topped burner pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located at various levels in the wall, means for delivering secondary air to the mixture of primary air and vaporized fuel moving upwardly through the pot, apilot'housing defining a space in'communication with a plurality ofthe lower primary air inlet apertures of the pot, said housing including generally upright sidewalls partially defining a ame outlet and extending inwardly from the pot wall, means for delivering liquid fuel to the pot at a point enclosed by said pilot housing, Van arcuate connecting piece joining the upper edges .8 Y of the walls of saidfpilothousing, saidY connect'- ing piece having an outer edge conforming closely tc the yopposed inner-face .ofv the ypot. wall,. and' a removable cover. plate havingiportions resting upon said arcuateV connecting piece'and theupper edges of said sidewall..

7. In a liquid fuel burner and pilot .housing therefor, a burner pot having a circumferential side wall, a closedend wall and an open end, :said side wall having aplurality of primary air :inlet apertures; located therein at'various .distances from the ends of the pot, means .located adjacent the open end ofthe .pot for 'delivering secondary air to the primary mixture, a, liquid fuel supply duct adapted to deliver. a supply of liquid fuel therethrough to the'interiorof Athe pot adjacent the intersection*v of the closed Tend at .the aside wall, a pilot housing in said pot, surrounding the point of admission of liquid fuel to the interior vof the pot, said housing including generally upright side walls and a removable top wall, said housing having a lower flame` aperture adjacent Vthe bottom of the pot and an upper flameaperture adjacent said removable top wall..

8. In a liquid fuel burner and pilotY housing therefor, ai' burner vpot having a circumferential side wall, a closed end lwall and an open iend, said side wall having a. plurality of primary air inlet apertures located therein at various distances from the ends f the Ipot, meanslocated adjacent the open end of the pot fordeliveringsecondary air to the primary mixture, a liquid, fuel supply duct adapted to deliverasupply of liquid `fuel therethrough to the interior ofthe pot adjacent the intersectionV of theclosed end 1 at the side wall, a pilot khousing in said pot, surrounding the point of admission. of liquid fuel to the interior of the pot, said housing includinggenerally upright side wallsY andaremovable top wall, said housing having a lower `llame aperture adjacent the bottom of the potand an upper flame aperture adjacent said removable top wall, and deiiector means for directing products of combustion from said upper flame. aperture downwardly ytoward said lowerame aperture.. Y. 1 f y 9. In a liquid fuel burner andpilot housing therefor, a burner pot having a circumferential side wall, a closed end wall and an open end, said side wall having a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located therein atv various distances from the ends of the pot, means located adjacent the open end of the. pot for delivering secondary air` to the primary mixture, a liquid fuel supply Y duct adapted to-deliver a supply of liquidv fuel therethrough tothe interior of the pot adjacent the intersection of. the l closed 'end at the side wall, a pilot housing in said pot, surrounding the point of admission of 'liquid fuel to the interior of the pot, said housing including generallyA upright side walls and a removable top wall, saidhousing having a lower llame aperture 'l adjacent the bottom of thepot and an upper ameaperture adjacent said removable top wall, and. deiiector means for directing products of combustion from said upperV flame Y. aperture downwardly toward said lower flame aperture, at an area within the `pot and exterior to said pilot housing.

, 10. ForV user in a hydroxylating pot type. burner having a circumferential side wall, a, bottom wall, and a liquid fuel inlet duct adapted to discharge liquid fuel into the pot adjacent the intersection of the bottom wall andthe side wall, a pilot hous` ing adapted to surround the area within the pot in direct communicationr with said duct,. saidpilot housing Vincluding .side .and ,t.op. walls .partially defining a lower ame opening adjacent the bottom of the pot and an upper flame opening spaced from the bottom of the pot, and means for directing the ame and products of combustion flowing outwardly through said upper opening to a point adjacent but exterior to said lower opening.

11. For use in a hydroxylating pot type burner having a circumferential side wall, a bottom Wall, and a liquid-fuel inlet duct adapted to discharge liquid fuel into the pot adjacent the intersection of the bottom wall and the side wall, a pilot housing adapted to surround the area within the pot in direct communication with said duct, said pilot housing including side and top walls partially defining a lower ame opening adjacent the bottom of the pet and an upper ame opening spaced from the bottom of the pot, and means for directing the flame and products of combustion flowing outwardly through said upper opening to a point adjacent but exterior to said lower opening, said means including a deflector in general alignment with the top of and having a ange extending downwardly in front of the upper opening.

MILTON D. HUS'I'ON.

10 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le o1" this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,806,566 Sturgis May 19, 1931 1,975,266 Gambell Oct. 2, 1934 2,162,844 Jenson June 20, 1939 2,179,142 Breese Nov. 7, 1939 2,329,292 Perry Sept. 14, 1943 2,346,816 Breese Apr. 18, 1944 2,355,416 Breese Aug. 8, 1944 2,357,997 Breese Sept. 12, 1944 2,369,833 Livar Feb. 20, 1945 2,382,463 Beyer Aug. 14, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 478,780 Great Britain Jan. 25, 1938 

